|
Maaraynta
khatarta ganacsiga
(business
risk management):
(London, April 29, 2011
Ceegaag Online)
Kelmada
Maaraynta khatarta ganacsiga (business risk management)
waxaa aynu ku qeexi karaa waa ogaanshaha, baarida, mudnaan
siinta, yaraynta khatar soo food saarta shirkadd ama qof
iyadoo la dooranaayo waddada ugu badbaadada fiican, uguna
saxsan ama ugu dhaw. Waxaa kale oo la oran karaa waa ka
feejignaanta wax dhici raba ayadoo la qaadayo talaabadii ku
habboon.
Shirkadd
kasta amaba qofkastaa waa uu la kulmaa khatar, khataraha
qaar kood waa la saadaalin karaa waana la maarayn karaa
laakiin qaar kood ayaa si kadis ah ku dhaca lana maarayn
karin. Maanta adduunka shirkaddo ayaa lagu baabiin karaa
muddo daqiiqado ah, waxaana dhaca in ay jiraan weeraro
dhinaca computers ah. Khataraha (risks) waxaa ay ka imaan
karaan meelo aan la hubin oo kala duwan sida badeeco ama
adeeg cusub oo markaa lasoo saaro, tuuganimo, dab ka kacay
goob, sarifka oo is bedela (exchange rate), dhaqaalaha oo
isbedela, dhinacyada deymaha oo culays ka yimaado,
sharciyadda dawladdaha oo is bedela, waxyaalo si dabiici ah
u dhaca (natural disaster) iwm.
Xeeladaha maaraynta khataraha (risk management strategy)
waxaa dejiya gudida fulinta ee shirkadda. Gudidan oo ah
gudida u saraysa shirkadda waxaa ay kulmayaan wiigiiba hal
mar si ay uga wada hadlaan waxa soo kordhay, meelaha u
baahan in xooga la saaro iyo shaqada u baahan in lagu
dhiirado oo khatarta la qaato (risk). Badanaa shirkaddah
soomalida kum baraarugsana faaiidooyinka ay leedahay
nidaamka loo maareeyo khatartu. Waxaase u baahan in la
ogaado in muddo yar ay ku baaba’een shirkaddo waaweyn oo
soo jiray in kabadan 150 sanno sida Lehman Brothers oo ahaa
Bank afraad ee ugu weyn USA dhinaca maalhelinta iyo Drexel
Burnham Lambert oo ahaa bank 5aad ee ugu weyn dhinaca
maalgashiga USA soona jiray muddo 55 sanno ah. Shirkaddu
inta ay doontaba hasoo jirto waxaa suurto gal ah in ay la
kulanto meelo ay kasoo noqon kari weydo.
Xeeladaha lagu maareeyo khatarta waxaa ka mid ah in
khatartii loo wareejiyo meel kale, ka hortag la sameeyo,
yarayn la yareeyo khatarta dhibka ay keeni karto iyo in
mararka qaarkood loo diyaar garoobo wax wal oo ka imaan kara
khatar. Marka la samaynaayo maaraynta khatar jirta ama soo
socota waxaa muhiim ah in la maareeyo meelaha khasaaraha ugu
weyni uu ka dhici karo amaba ku dhici karo. Waxaana muhiim
ah in ay shirkaddu yeelato nidaam qoran oo la raacayo (risk
management principles) haddiiba ay khatari soo food saarto
shirkadda.
Haddii
ay shirkaddu tahay shirkadd yar waxay u baahan tahay in loo
sameeyo maareeyaha wixii khatar ah ee dhici kara (risk
management manager) kaas oo shaqadiisu tahay in uu
saadaaliyo, ka hortago, wixii khatar ah ee imaan kar.
haddiise ay shirkaddu tahay shirkadd balaaran waxay u baahan
tahay in la sameeyo gudi lagu magacaabo gudida maaraynta
khataraha (risk management committee) taaso oo ay ku jiraan
dhamaan shaqaalaha oo dhami. Waa in ay shirkaddu leedaha
xeelad ay ku maamulayso wixii khatar ah ee soo food saara
(risk management strategy), tusaale ahaan haddiiba uu dhaco
aafo ama masiibo (disaster) yaa marka ugu horaysaba lala
xiriirayaa, sidee loola xiriirayaa ama loola macaamilaya
xiriirka dibadda (public relations), sidee loo qancinayaa
macaamiisha iyo dadka maal gashiga sameeyay (investors). Waa
in uu jiraa hal qof oo asagu la hadlaaya ama la xiriiraya
dadweynaha iyo warbaahinta.
Waa in
gudidaa ama qofkaa loo xil saaray maaraynta wixii khatar ah
ee yimaadaa uu si fiican dib u baaraa dhismaha iyo goobta ay
shirkaddu degan tahay, dhaqaalaha iyo sida shirkaddu u
niddaamiso, qalabka shirkadda u yaala, macaamiisha oo la
waraysto ayadoo shaqaalaha iyo macaamiishaba la weydiinaayo
haddiiba ay jiraan wax qaldani.
Ujeedooyinka maaraynta khataraha (Risk management
objectives):
Ujeedada
koowaad ee maaraynta khatartu (risk management) waa in la
yareeyo khatar dhacday ama soo socota iyo in la qaado
talaabooyin lagaga hortagaayo laguna xalinaayo dhibaato soo
socota ama dhibaato u timi si lama filaan ah. Faaiidada
labaad waa in dadka maalgashaday shirkaddani ay ogaadaan
khataraha ku imaan kara shirkadda. Waxaa jira meelo u baahan
in xooga la saaro si loo maareeyo khatarta soo food saari
karta ganacsiga:
·
In la sameeyo maamul si buuxda uga warhaya, og, la socda
hadda iyo mustaqbalka khataraha imaan kara.
·
In la ilaaliyo hantida shirkadda iyo samcadeedaba.
·
In la kobciyo heerka wax qabad ee shirkadda iyo qiimaaha
hantiilayaasha (shareholders).
·
In la kordhiyo tayaynta qalabka shirkadda.
·
In la xoogeeyo ujeedooyinka xeeladeed ee la higsanaayo
(strategic goals).
·
In la hubiyo in loo hogaansamay sharciyaddi loo baahnaa.
·
In la hubiyo shaqaalaha iyo dadka kale ee hantiilayaasha ahi
in ay qayb ka yihiin maaraynta khataraha.
Hayadaha maaliyaddu waxaa ay u qaybiyeen wadooyinka loo
maareeyo khataraha dhawr dariiqo:
·
In la aqoon sado khatarta (risk identification)
·
In la baaro khatarta (analyse risk)
·
In la khafiifiyo khatarta (risk mitigation)
·
In la qiimeeyo khatarta (evaluate risk)
·
In khatarta laga war bixiyo (risk reporting)
Saddexda nooc ee ugu mhuiimsan si loo sameeyo baaritaan
khatar:
·
in la ogaado khatarta (risk identification): in la ogaado
maxaa khatar noqon kara, xagayse ka imaan kartaa, in la
qeexo nooca khatarta kedibna la qoro laga wada hadlo loona
diyaar garoobo.
·
In la qiyaaso khatarta (risk measurement): in la go’aamiyo
raadka ay khatartaasi yeelan karto amaba reebi karto kedibna
la yareeyo saamaynta ay yeelan karto haddiiba ay timaado
khatartaasi.
·
In ahmiyad lakala siiyo khataraha (risk prioritization): in
la go’aamiyo talaabooyinka sida loo kala qaadayo haddiiba ay
timaado khatari si loo maareeyo khatartaa.
Noocyadda khataraha ganacsiga (types of business risk):
·
Khatarta suuqa (market risk): Khatarta suuqu waa khatarta
kasoo baxda isbedbedelka xaga suuqa (fluctuation) sida
sixirka alaabta, sarifka, tartamayaasha, dhaqaalaha, iibka
iwm.
·
Khatarta sharciga (legal risks): waa khatar ka timaada
dhinaca sharciyadda lakala qortay oo shirkad ama qofkii kale
uu jabiyay ama ka baxay.
·
Khatarta deynta (credit risk): arintani waxaa ay dhacdaa
marka ay macaamiishu bixin waayaan deymihii lagu lahaa ama
shirkaddu bixin kari weydo daymo lagu lahaa.
·
Khatarta hawl wadeenadda (operational risk): waa khatarta ka
timaada in la waayo amaba ay ku filaan wayaan wixii wax lagu
soo saari lahaa ha noqoto qalab amaba shaqaale iyo ayadoo la
xado alaab muhiim ah sida Data iwm amaba uu shaqadda ka tago
qof aan laga maarmaynin.
·
Khatarta Sumcadda (reputational risk): khatarta soo gaarta
sumacadda shirkadda ama qofku waa ayadoo uu magaaladda war
aan fiicnayni u galo kedibna kalsooni daraani ay ku dhacdo
shirkadda.
·
Khatarta dhinaca siyaasadda (political risk): waa khatarta
ka timaada ayadoo nidaamka wax laga badelo sida sharcigii ay
shirkaddu ku shaqayn lahayd oo laga qaado amaba loo
cusboonaysaiin waayo, dagaalo qarxa, cashuurta oo la
kordhiyo amaba badeeco ama adeegii ay shirkaddu lahayd oo la
mamnuuco.
Faaiidooyinka maaraynta khataraha (benefits of risk
management):
·
In la kordhiyo ogaanshaha khatarta imaan karta.
·
Waxa ay yaraynaysaa kharashkii ku bixi lahaa dhibaato weyn
oo dhacda.
·
In la sameeyo maamul wada shaqayn kara (effective
management).
·
Waxay keenaysaa in loo diyaar garoobo xisaab hubin ama hanti
dhawrka (auditing).
·
In xooga la saaro meelaha gaarka ah ee khatari ka imaan
karto (focus on key areas).
·
In la yareeyo loona diyaar garoobo wixii imaan kara.
·
Waxay miisamaysaa khasaaraha iyo faaiidada.
·
In gudaha si fiican shaqadda loo guto.
·
In haddiiba dhib dhaco si fiican loo xalin karo.
·
In la sameeyo nidaam la raacayo haddiiba uu dhib dhaco.
Lasoco casharka kan xiga wiiga dambe haddii ALLAAH yiraa.
Mustafe
Ibraahim
mustaf1970@hotmail.co.uk
webmaster@ceegaag.com
|
